Multi-section ultrasonic diagnosis and classification of congenital clubfoot / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the ultrasonic findings of idiopathic clubfoot and positional clubfoot deformities.Methods:Forty-nine newborn babies with congenital clubfoot were examined in the Department of Ultrasound of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2020 to January 2022, Including 21 newborn babies(32 feet) with idiopathic clubfoot, and 28 babies(53 feet) with positional clubfoot. Twenty-two normal infants in the same period and the normal feet of the single clubfoot were selected as control group. The distance between medial malleolus and scaphoids of all feet were measured by ultrasound. The distance from the tangent line of the lateral edge of calcaneus to the midpoint of the lateral edge of the chondroid bone, medial soft tissue thickness and tibial calcaneal angle were measured by ultrasound. The data of idiopathic clubfoot group, positional clubfoot group and control group were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 71 newborn babies with 142 feet were evaluated.The idiopathic clubfoot group had born and joint changes in the medial, lateral and posterior side, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in the medial and lateral side of the positional group(all P<0.05). But no significant changes in the posterior side( P>0.05). There were significant differences between medial and posterior side of idiopathic and positional clubfoot group (all P<0.05), but no significant differences in lateral side ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasonography can clearly display the tarsus bones in clubfoot, and observe the deformity changes of the idiopathic clubfoot and positional clubfoot.

Application value of right modified myocardial performance index in evaluating fetal right ventricular function in assisted reproductive technology / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of right modified myocardial work index (Mod-RMPI) in assessing fetal right ventricular function in assisted reproductive technology (ART).Methods:Sixty-four fetuses conceived by assisted reproduction (ART group) and 80 fetuses with spontaneously conceived (SC) pregnancies (control group) from November 2021 to February 2022 underwent echocardiography in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled, gestational ranges from 20 to 28 weeks. The differences of Mod-RMPI, tricuspid valve E/A ratio (TV-E/A) were compared between the ART group and the control group; The correlation between maternal age, body mass index (BMI), pregnancy, and delivery and Mod-RMPI in the ART group was analyzed by applying multiple linear regression analysis; The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test the predictive efficacy of Mod-RMPI for adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results:①Compared with the control group, Mod-RMPI, isovolumetric relaxation time(IRT), isovolumetric contraction time(ICT) and BMI were increased in ART group with statistically significant difference, ventricular ejection time (ET) were decreased, the difference was (all P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in total spent time (TST) and TV-E/A compared with the control group ( P>0.05). ②There were no correlations between maternal age, BMI, gravidity, and times of bearing birth and Mod-RMPI ( P>0.05). ③The ROC curve analysis showed the area under the curve of Mod-RMPI for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome was 0.748, the optimal cut-off value was 0.465, the sensitivity was 0.778, and the specificity was 0.608. Conclusions:ART can affect fetal right ventricular function.Mod-RMPI has good consistency and repeatability, and has certain value in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome.

A preliminary study on the ultrasonic evaluation of deformity changes during the treatment of congenital clubfoot in infants / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the deformity changes in the treatment of congenital clubfoot in infants by ultrasound, and to explore its clinical application value.Methods:Seventeen infants with congenital clubfoot treated in the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2020 to June 2021 and 27 normal infants in the same period were selected. The distance between medial malleolus and scaphoids (MM-N distance) of all feet was measured by ultrasound. The distance from the tangent line of the lateral edge of calcaneus to the midpoint of the lateral edge of the chondroid bone (C-C distance), medial soft tissue thickness and tibial calcaneal angle were measured by ultrasound. The data before, after treatment and during follow-up were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 88 feet of 44 infants were evaluated. The mean number of cast was 4.7±1.1, the follow-up time was (96.9±59.3)days. The MM-N distance, C-C distance and posterior tibial calcaneal angle in the clubfoot group were improved after treatment and at the last follow-up, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). During the treatment, 1 case had false correction, and 2 cases recurred in the last follow-up. Conclusions:Ultrasound can clearly display the medial, dorsal, lateral and posterior articular structures of normal and clubfoot, and can observe the deformity changes of clubfoot during the correction process, which can provide guidance for the clinical treatment of clubfoot.

Clinical study of mitral annulus displacement measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging to assess the left ventricular systolic function in Kawasaki disease / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of mitral annulus displacement(TMAD) measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in evaluating left ventricular(LV) systolic function before and after immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods:Thirty-five hospitalized children with acute KD(KD group) and 40 healthy volunteers(control group)were enrolled from September 2020 to March 2021 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. All participants underwent echocardiography.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular short axis shortening(LVFS) were calculated from M-mode echocardiography. All children had their apical four-chamber and two-chamber view recorded and stored in real time, and the images of the KD group were recorded in the acute, subacute and convalescent stages, respectively. The data was analyzed by QLab 13.0 offline quantitative analysis software. The TMAD parameters between the KD group and the control group were compared. And the TMAD parameters at different periods in the KD group were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate associations between TMAD parameters and LVEF and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in children with acute KD.Results:①The parameters of TMAD AP4 MV1, TMAD AP4 MV2, TMAD AP2 MV1, TMAD AP2 MV2, TMAD AP4 Midpt, TMAD AP4 Midpt%, TMAD AP2 Midpt and TMAD AP2 Midpt% were decreased in patients with KD at different periods than those of the control group(all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in LVEF between the two groups( P>0.05). ②After IVIG treatment, the values of TMAD AP4 MV1, TMAD AP4 MV2, TMAD AP2 MV1, TMAD AP2 MV2, TMAD AP4 Midpt, TMAD AP4 Midpt%, TMAD AP2 Midpt and TMAD AP2 Midpt% in subacute stage of KD were higher than those in acute stage(all P<0.05), the values of TMAD AP4 Midpt% and TMAD AP2 Midpt% in the convalescent stage of KD were higher than those in the subacute stage(all P<0.05). ③The parameters of TMAD were positively correlated with LVEF( r=0.36, 0.40, 0.32, 0.28, 0.42, 0.46, 0.35, 0.37; all P<0.05) and negatively correlated with NT-proBNP( r=-0.61, -0.57, -0.40, -0.60, -0.63, -0.47, -0.61, -0.36; all P<0.05). Conclusions:TMAD measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging can quickly and accurately evaluate left ventricular systolic function in children with KD before and after IVIG treatment, and TMAD combined with NT-proBNP can provide a new method for clinical management of KD.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnostic clues of congenital dislocation of the knee / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore prenatal ultrasound diagnostic clues of congenital dislocation of the knee(CDK).Methods:The prenatal ultrasonographic features of 13 CDK fetuses diagnosed from January 2013 to December 2018 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed, combined with the results of gene detections and pathological findings.Results:Thirteen fetuses were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound during the second trimester. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound showed dislocation of the knee(unilateral in 3 cases and bilateral in 10 cases). All cases were accompanied with multiple abnormalities, including talipes(5 cases), overlapping fingers(2 cases), short nasal bone(1 case), thicken nuchal fold(1 case), narrow thorax(1 case), abnormal vertebral development(1 case), etc. Ultrasound diagnosis included Larsen syndrome in 2 cases, arthrogryosis multiplex congenital in 3 cases, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia in 1 case, and congenital dislocation of the knee in 7 cases. CDK was confirmed in all fetuses after termination of pregnancy. Three of them were known to undergo chromosome examinations with normal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). One case was confirmed to be Larsen syndrome by further second-generation sequencing combined with first-generation sequencing screening, suggesting there was FLNB gene mutation.Conclusions:CDK can exist isolated, and it can also be a common manifestation of various diseases. Therefore, attention should be paid to other associated abnormalities in the prenatal detection of knee flexion, and further detection of related genes can provide valuable information for genetic counseling.

Morbidity of congenital heart disease in children with anorectal malformations and related treatment / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the morbidity of congenital heart defects(CHDs) in children with anorectal malformation, and to summarize appropriate treatment.@*METHODS@#The clinical data and echocardiographic findings of 155 children with congenital anorectal malformations from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during January 2016 and October 2019 were reviewed. According to the surgical findings of anorectal malformations, the patients were categorized as the high/intermediate group and the low group; the CHDs were classified as minor CHDs and major CHDs. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation of wingspread classification, and extracardiac malformations with the severity of CHDs.@*RESULTS@#Out of 155 children with anorectal malformations, 47 (30.3%) had different types of cardiac structural malformations, including 18 cases of minor CHDs (11.6%) and 29 cases of major CHDs (18.7%). Sixty children (38.7%) had extracardiac malformations, of which 38 cases (24.5%) had a single extracardiac malformation, 15 cases (9.7%) had multiple extracardiac malformations, 6 had trisomy 21 syndrome, and 1 had VATER syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that wingspread classification of anorectal malformation and extracardiac disorders were independent risk factors for major CHDs. The probability of major CHDs in children with high/intermediate anorectal malformation was 4.709 times higher than that with low anorectal malformation (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The morbidity of major CHDs is higher in severe cases with high/intermediate anorectal malformation and acute cases without fistula or with obstructed fistula and cases with multiple congenital disorders. Echocardiography can define the type and severity of CHDs, which are useful to develop the optimal diagnosis and treatment plan for children with anorectal malformation.

Diagnostic value of three sections of aortic arch under ultrasonography in fetal aortic coarctation / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the diagnostic value of three sections of aortic arch under ultrasonography, including the three vessels and tracheal view (3VT), long-axis and coronal view of the aortic arch, in fetal coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and the reasons for missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.@*Methods@#This study involved 52 fetuses with CoA who were identified by prenatal ultrasonography and confirmed in postnatal operation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2013 to June 2018. Echocardiographic findings of all cases were analyzed retrospectively to summarize the prenatal imaging features.@*Results@#The 3VT was displayed in all cases (100%). The long-axis view of the aortic arch was observed in 88.5%, while the coronal view was observed in 76.9%. Among the 52 cases, nine were missed diagnosis and three were misdiagnosed due to unsatisfactory views of the three sections of aortic arch. All cases showed an increased ratio of the pulmonary artery to the aorta diameter in 3VT, which was a critical indicator of CoA in prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. Satisfactory aortic arch coronal views were obtained in 40 cases and all showed constriction at the isthmus of aortic arch and an connection to the descending aorta. Out of the 46 with a satisfactory long-axis view of the aortic arch, a narrow isthmus of aortic arch was shown in 38 cases, with the inner diameter of (1.8±0.2) mm ranging from 0.9 to 2.9 mm.@*Conclusions@#Observation of three sections of aortic arch under ultrasonography is of great importance in prenatal diagnosis of CoA.

Diagnostic value of three sections of aortic arch under ultrasonography in fetal aortic coarctation / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of three sections of aortic arch under ultrasonography, including the three vessels and tracheal view (3VT), long-axis and coronal view of the aortic arch, in fetal coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and the reasons for missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods This study involved 52 fetuses with CoA who were identified by prenatal ultrasonography and confirmed in postnatal operation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2013 to June 2018. Echocardiographic findings of all cases were analyzed retrospectively to summarize the prenatal imaging features. Results The 3VT was displayed in all cases (100%). The long-axis view of the aortic arch was observed in 88.5%, while the coronal view was observed in 76.9%. Among the 52 cases, nine were missed diagnosis and three were misdiagnosed due to unsatisfactory views of the three sections of aortic arch. All cases showed an increased ratio of the pulmonary artery to the aorta diameter in 3VT, which was a critical indicator of CoA in prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. Satisfactory aortic arch coronal views were obtained in 40 cases and all showed constriction at the isthmus of aortic arch and an connection to the descending aorta. Out of the 46 with a satisfactory long-axis view of the aortic arch, a narrow isthmus of aortic arch was shown in 38 cases, with the inner diameter of (1.8±0.2) mm ranging from 0.9 to 2.9 mm. Conclusions Observation of three sections of aortic arch under ultrasonography is of great importance in prenatal diagnosis of CoA.

Prenatal ultrasonographic features of fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the prenatal ultrasonographic features of fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).Methods Forty-one cases who received prenatal ultrasound examination and then were diagnosed with TAPVC by postnatal surgery at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2013 to June 2018 were enrolled.Echocardiography findings of all cases were analyzed retrospectively,and the prenatal imaging features were summarized.Results Among all cases,21 were confirmed as supracardiac type,14 as intracardiac type,four as infracardiac type and two as mixed type after surgery.The echocardiographic features of TAPVC were as follows:all 41 cases showed smooth posterior wall of left atrium without visible part of pulmonary venous connected to the left atrium in the-four chamber view;in 33 cases,the space between left atrium and descending aorta was widened and the pulmonary venous confluence was observed in the four-chamber view;ten cases showed a dilated coronary sinus in the four-chamber view and 27 cases showed vertical vein in the three vessels and trachea or the upper abdomen view.None of the 41 cases was complicated by other structural intracardiac abnormalities.However,seven cases were complicated by obstruction of blood flow,and the blood flow velocity measured by Doppler ultrasound was 0.76 m/s to 1.25 m/s.Conclusions Blood flow in pulmonary veins should be carefully observed in prenatal ultrasonography,and anomalous pulmonary venous connection should be considered when pulmonary veins do not connect to the left atrium.

Clues and techniques of prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis for fetal aortic arch anomalies / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic features ,diagnostic clues and methods of fetal aortic arch anomalies ,and to improve the diagnosis rate of prenatal ultrasonography for fetal aortic arch anomalies . Methods Fetuses with aortic arch anomalies diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound were selected as the study objects . The prenatal ultrasonographic features of the three views of the aortic arch were carefully observed . The three views included the followings :the transverse view ( the view of three vessels and trachea) ,the sagittal view ( the longitudinal view of the aortic arch) ,and the coronal view ( the coronal view of the descending aorta) . The prenatal diagnostic clues and diagnostic techniques of aortic arch anomalies were summarized and analyzed . Results Eighty-one cases with aortic arch anomalies were followed up . Fifteen cases were left-sided aortic arch and left-sided ductus arteriosus with aberrant right subclavian artery ,22 cases with right aortic arch and left-sided ductus arteriosus with aberrant left subclavian artery ,4 cases were mirror right aortic arch and left-sided ductus arteriosus ,2 cases were mirror right aortic arch and right-sided ductus arteriosus ,11 cases were double aortic arch ,23 cases were coarctation of the aorta ,and 4 cases were interruption of aortic arch . Among them ,27 cases were complicated with other cardiac and extra-cardiac malformations and 13 cases with chromosomal abnormalities . Prenatal ultrasonographic clues for diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta included the three vessels and trachea view showing small diameter and disproportion to the diameter of the ductus arteriosus . And the longitudinal view of the aortic arch was helpful for showing the position and the extent of coarctation of the aorta . Prenatal ultrasonographic clues for diagnosis of interruption of aortic arch were that the three vessels and trachea view and the longitudinal view of the aortic arch showed the interruption between aortic arch and descending aorta . And the abnormal combination cases of the aortic arch segments also had their corresponding diagnostic clues . These clues included that the three vessels and trachea view showed abnormal position ,arrangement and running of the branches of the aortic arch . And the coronal view of the descending aorta also showed abnormal changes in the branches of aortic arch . Conclusions Various types of congenital aortic arch anomalies have characteristic ultrasonography and their corresponding diagnostic clues and methods . The combined use of the three views of the aortic arch is effective in prenatal diagnosis for aortic arch anomalies .

Prenatal ultrasonic manifestations and prognostic analysis of 17q12 microdeletion syndrome / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To summarize and analyze the prenatal ultrasonic manifestations of 17q12 microdeletion syndrome ,so as to provide help for prenatal diagnosis . Methods It carried out a retrospective analysis of 21 cases of 17q12 microdeletion syndrome prenatally confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA) in the third affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2015 .01 to 2018 .05 . Prenatal ultrasound findings were collected . A close follow-up was given for the cases . Results Of the 21 fetus ,20 cases were presented with bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys ,and 1 case showed duodenal obstruction . There were 4 cases accompanied with polyhydramnios ,8 cases with mild polyhydramnio ,and 9 cases with normal amniotic fluid index . Parents of 6 fetus underwent chromosomal examination ,of which 2 cases were inherited from the mother and 4 cases had new chromosomal mutations;Seven cases had a family history of diabetes and 3 cases had a family history of kidney disease;Twelve cases performed induced labor ,2 cases lost follow-up and 1 case was unborn . Six cases were born ,of the 6 cases ,1 case associated with mild dysmorphic facial features , and 1 case associated with bilateral renal cysts . Conclusions 17q12 microdeletion syndrome has specific prenatal ultrasound characteristics ,while echogenic kidneys are of great value in the diagnosis of 17q12 microdeletion syndrome prenatally .

Difference of Prenatal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Absence of Nasal Bone and Short Nasal Bone in Fetuses / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To explore the difference of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of absence of nasal bone and short nasal bone in fetuses.Materials and Methods The clinical data of 23 131 pregnant women who received prenatal ultrasound system screening in the second trimester in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2015 to July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.The fetuses with absence of nasal bone and short nasal bone as well as the types of complicated malformation were recorded respectively,among whom those with chromosomal examination had their chromosomal results recorded.The fetuses were grouped for analysis based on absence of nasal bone,short nasal bone and whether they were complicated with malformation.Results Sixtynine fetuses had abnormal development of nasal bone,among whom 24 cases had absence of nasal bone (7 cases were complicated with malformation) and 45 cases had short nasal bone (13 cases were complicated with malformation),but there was no significant difference in the ratio of complicated malformation between fetuses with absence of nasal bone and those with short nasal bone (P＞0.05).Of the 41 cases with analysis of chromosomal karyotypes,32 cases had single abnormal development of nasal bone (4 cases had chromosomal abnormality) and 9 cases had abnormal development complicated malformation of nasal bone (7 cases had chromosomal abnormality),and the occurrence rate of chromosomal abnormality in abnormal development complicated malformation of nasal bone was notably higher than that in single abnormal development of nasal bone (P＜0.05).A total of 32 fetuses with single abnormal development of nasal bone received chromosomal examination,among whom 4 cases had chromosomal abnormality.Of the 32 fetuses,9 cases had single absence of nasal bone (one had chromosomal abnormality) and 23 cases had single short nasal bone (3 cases had chromosomal abnormality).However,there was no significant difference in the ratio of chromosomal abnormality between fetuses with single absence of nasal bone and those with single short nasal bone (P＞0.05).Conclusion Abnormal development complicated with malformation of nasal bone is of great significance in the evaluation of chromosomes.And there is no significant difference in the ratios of complicated malformation and chromosomal abnormality between fetuses with absence of nasal bone and those with short nasal bone.

Analysis of prenatal sonographic characteristics and postnatal outcomes of absent pulmonary valve syndrome / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the prenatal ultrasonographic features of absent pulmonary valve syndrome APVS Methods The ultrasonographic images follow-up results and the other clinical data of 1 7 fetuses suffering from APVS were retrospectively analyzed According to the difference of the pulmonary artery diameter subjects were divided into pulmonary artery PA dilated group 14 cases and non-dilated group 3 cases The sonographic features of the two groups were analyzed and compared Results All 1 7 fetuses had rudimentary or absent pulmonary valves and stenosis of the pulmonary annulus Moderate or severe regurgitation flowed through pulmonary artery and right ventricular outflow in diastole PA dilated group might be combined with Tetralogy of Fallot double outlet of right ventricle or right ventricular aneurysm there were 85 7% 12 14 with absent ductus arteriosus The forward flow velocity during systole through pulmonary annulus was significantly fast PA non-dilated group could be accompanied by Ebstein's anomaly or tricuspid atresia Ductus arch was always present The forward flow velocity during systole through pulmonary annulus was slow Conclusions The fetal pulmonary artery diameter with APVS can dilate or not Reverse flow during diastolic period which rushes from arteriosus ductus to the right ventricular outflow tract contributes to the prenatal diagnosis of non-dilated PA.

Analysis of echocardiographic missed diagnosis and misdiagosis of infants with coarctation of the aorta / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of two dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of infants with coarctation of the aorta(CoA),and to analyse the cause of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Methods The echocardiographic characteristics of 87 infants with CoA were analyzed retrospectively,and the results were compared with surgical findings.Results Seventy-five patients were correctly diagnosed,while 9 patients were missed and 3 patients were misdiagnosed.Discrete coarctation was found in 67 cases,whereas tubular coarctation was detected in 8 cases of CoA.Conclusions Mastering the echocardiographic characteristics of infants with CoA and carefully scanning the sternum nest section,combined with two dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography,could avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Study on Doppler blood flow spectrums of umbilical artery and ductus venosus in fetus with arrhythmia by ultrasound / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical value of Doppler flow spectrums of umbilical artery and ductus venosus in fetus with arrhythmia by Doppler ultrasound in evaluating the fetal prognosis.Methods Umbilical artery and ductus venosus flow spectrums were obtained in a total of 796 pregnancies with gestation age between 16-41 weeks who were found abnormal heart rhythm by maternity auscultation,fetal electronic monitoring or ultrasound.All these fetuses were followed up by electrocardiography and echocardiography examination until the end of pregnancy and the pregnancy outcomes were recorded.Results Among 796 fetuses,136 cases of fetal arrhythmia were detected.There were 18 cases appeared with umbilical artery absent or reversed end-diastolic flow,and 9 cases with absent or reversed wave A.Among 18 fetuses with arrhythmia whose blood flow spectrums of umbilical artery were abnormal,twelve were compared with congenital heart disease.The proportion of fetal bradycardia associated with abnormal flow spectrums and congenital heart disease were higher than other types of arrhythmias.Conclusions Pregnancy outcome of the fetus with arrhythmias who appeared with normal umbilical artery and ductus venosus will be good,and conversely is poor.So Doppler flow spectrums of the fetal umbilical artery and ductus venosus is one of the important indicators in early intervention.

Clinical research of prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis and prognosis of fetal dacryocystocele / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To discuss the ultrasonographic feature and prognosis of the fetal dacryocystocele and its correlation.Methods The ultrasonographic feature of 51 patients diagnosed as dacryocystocele prenatally by sonography were retrospectively analyzed.All fetus were followed up to induced labor or 6 months after birth.The correlation between the size and the gestational age were analyzed by correlation analysis method and compared the fetal prognosis adopt U test.Results The incidence of dacryocystocele diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound was about 0.47‰.The diagnosis was established by the detection of a cystic lesion in relation to the medial and inferior aspects of the fetal orbit.Unilateral dacryocystoceles were more often found than bilateral,and left more than right.The maximum diameter range from 2.0 mm to 12.0 mm,average (5.9 ± 2.2)mm.There is no correlation between cyst size and gestational age.Prognosis of isolated nasolacrimal duct cyst is good.Conclusions The fetal dacryocystocele have typical ultrasonographic feature,Ultrasound is a rapid and reliable method which can be used for diagnosis of dacryocystocele prenatally and follow-up after birth.